Currently, several studies have confirmed that B. subtilis is one of the most commonly functional strains.
In general, Bacillus can be classified into three categories based on the morphology of the spore: (1) seven species including Bacillus subtilis in the first genus with ovular- or pillar-shaped spores and with sporocyte that is not significantly expanded (2) nine species including Bacillus circulans in the second genus with oval spore and enlarged sporocyte and (3) Bacillus sphaericus in the third genus with a circular spore and enlarged sporocyte ( Ruth et al., 1973).īacillus is widely used in industry, agriculture, and the medical field since a variety of functional Bacillus strains are extensively used in the production of industrial enzymes, bioinsecticides, antibiotics, and other products ( Schallmey et al., 2004). The genus Bacillus was initially proposed by Cohn in 1872 ( Harwood, 1989), since then the genus has been expanded with many novel strains. A circular colony with rough, opaque, fuzzy white or slightly yellow, and jagged edges was observed by culturing Bacillus on nutrient agar ( Lu et al., 2018). Bacillus is a common bacterium and is Gram-positive, rod-shaped with a size range of 0.3~22 μm × 1.2~7.0 μm, spore-forming, and aerobic-to-facultative ( Cowan, 1974). Since then, Bacillus has been found in a wide variety of organisms, such as pigs, and environments, such as ponds and soil ( Borsodi et al., 2011 Gu et al., 2015 Wei et al., 2016). The isolation and characterization will help better understand this bacterium, and the strain WS-1 can be further explored as an alternative to antimicrobial drugs to protect human and animal health.īacillus was first reported by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg in 1835 ( Sella et al., 2015). coli both in vitro and in vivo, indicating its potential application in protecting newborn piglets from diarrhea caused by E. subtilis strain WS-1 was identified to inhibit the growth of pathogenic E. coli endemic commercial pig farm in Guangdong, China. subtilis strain (WS-1) was successfully isolated from apparently healthy pigs growing with sick cohorts on one E. subtilis strain WS-1 acts as a potential biocontrol agent protecting pigs from pathogenic E. Collectively, these findings suggest that the probiotic B. Furthermore, histopathological results showed that the WS-1 strain could protect small intestine from lesions caused by E. subtilis strain WS-1 by oral feeding was able to clearly inhibit diarrhea ( p < 0.05) and death ( p < 0.05) caused by pathogenic E. Importantly, inoculation of newborn piglets with 1.5 × 10 10 CFU of B. subtilis strain WS-1 shares 100% genomic synteny with B. subtilis strain WS-1 showed typical Bacillus characteristics by endospore staining, biochemical test, enzyme activity analysis, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. WS-1 can strongly inhibit the growth of pathogenic E. subtilis, named WS-1, from apparently healthy pigs growing with sick cohorts on one Escherichia coli endemic commercial pig farm in Guangdong, China. In this study, we isolated one strain of B. Additionally, it has great potential to be used as an alternative to antimicrobial drugs, which is significant in the context of antibiotic abuse in food animal production. 3Department of Biological Engineering, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, Chinaīacillus subtilis is recognized as a safe and reliable human and animal probiotic and is associated with bioactivities such as production of vitamin and immune stimulation.2Animal Disease Laboratory, Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xingning, China.1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.Yunping Du 1 †, Zhichao Xu 1 †, Guolian Yu 2, Wei Liu 2, Qingfeng Zhou 2, Dehong Yang 2, Jie Li 3, Li Chen 1, Yun Zhang 1, Chunyi Xue 1 and Yongchang Cao 1 *
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